PT - JOURNAL ARTICLE AU - Skopal, Pavel TI - Films out of Necessity. The Means of Framing Film Screenings and Spectatorial Experiences in the Stalinist Era DP - 2009 Sep 1 TA - Iluminace PG - 71--92 VI - 21 IP - 3 IS - 0862397X AB - The author focuses on the practice of showing older Czech films newly equipped with an introductory text and the so-called extended programmes, i.e. attaching medium-length documentaries to feature films in the early 1950s. These practices, he argues, demonstrate the contradiction between two ways of understanding cinema in post-war cultural policy - cinema as a place of education or upbringing and cinema as a place of entertainment.